Manic Episode

• Feeling extremely euphoric or irritable

• Increased energy and restlessness

• Racing thoughts and rapid speech

• Decreased need for sleep

• Grandiose beliefs or inflated self-esteem

• Engaging in high-risk behaviours or excessive spending

• Difficulty concentrating and making decisions

Hypomanic Episode

• Similar symptoms to a manic episode but less severe

• Increased energy and productivity

• Elevated mood and confidence

• Increased creativity and sociability

• Potential for reckless behaviour, though less severe than in mania

Depressive Episode

• Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness

• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed

• Significant changes in appetite and weight

• Insomnia or excessive sleeping

• Fatigue or loss of energy

• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

• Thoughts of death or suicide

Genetic Factors

Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Certain genes and variations may increase the risk of developing the condition.

Neurochemical Imbalance

Imbalances in certain brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are thought to contribute to the development of bipolar disorder.

Brain Structure and Function

Structural and functional differences in the brain, particularly in areas involved in emotional regulation and decision-making, have been observed in individuals with bipolar disorder.

Environmental Triggers

Environmental factors such as significant life stressors, traumatic events, substance abuse, and disruptions in sleep patterns can trigger or worsen mood episodes in individuals with a predisposition to bipolar disorder.

Stick to a routine

Establishing a daily routine can help stabilize mood and provide a sense of stability and predictability. Aim for regular sleeping patterns, consistent meal times, and structured activities throughout the day.

Avoid alcohol and substance abuse

Substance abuse can exacerbate mood swings and interfere with the effectiveness of medications. It's important to avoid alcohol and recreational drugs and to discuss any substance use concerns with your healthcare provider.

Build a support network

Surround yourself with a supportive network of family, friends, or support groups who understand your condition and can provide encouragement and understanding when needed.

Practice self-care

Prioritise self-care activities that promote physical, mental, and emotional well-being. This may include engaging in regular exercise, practicing relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing, getting enough sleep, and engaging in hobbies or activities that bring joy and relaxation.

Track your moods

Keep a mood journal or use a mood tracking app to monitor your mood fluctuations, triggers, and any patterns you may notice. This can help you identify early warning signs of mood episodes and make adjustments to your treatment plan if necessary.

Communicate with your treatment team

Regularly communicate with your healthcare provider and mental health professionals about your symptoms, treatment progress, and any concerns or questions you may have. Open and honest communication is vital for effective management of bipolar disorder.

Stay consistent with medication

If prescribed medication, take it as directed by your healthcare provider. It may take time to find the right medication or combination of medications that work best for you, so be patient and communicate any concerns or side effects to your doctor.